Vol. 1 No. 2 (2018): Jurnal Ilmiah langue and parole

Some Minangkabau prepositions have high ability of combining with each other, they are: (a) bak ‘like’, (b) cando ‘like’,  (c) dari ‘from’, (d) daripado ‘than’,  (e) dek ‘ because, at, by, (f) di ‘at’ (g) jo‘with’, (h) kacuali ‘except’, and (i) kapado ‘to’ (j)  sampai ‘until’.

There are 2 categories of compound prepositions. Fisrt, some of the compound prepositions are the combination of two prepositions that have same meaning (synonym). One of the compound synonym prepositions can be deleted in their structure environment by using ellipsis technique and the deletion does not disturb the compound meaning. Second, the combination of two or more than two prepositions that have different meaning. Ellipsis cannot be applied to these compound prepositions.

This thesis is about the idioms of Mentawai language in Muntei Village. Idiom is a word or phrase whose meaning is not obvious through knowledge of individual meanings of the constituent words but must be learnt as a whole. Idiom is something that has its own meaning and we cannot guess the meaning because it needs to be learnt to understand their meaning.  The writer took the data from the elder in the community by doing an interview with the informant (a man) whose age is no more than 50 years old to make sure that the informant still remembers the right word of the idioms. Technique of collecting the data of this analysis is by doing the interview to the informant first, and then writes the data down in a table accordingly to their forms.

In analyzing this data, the writer uses three theories from three experts. In order to analyze the forms of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of idioms forms from Yayat Sudaryat. In order to analyze the syntactical functions of the idioms used by people in Muntei Village the writer uses the theory of syntactical functions of idioms from Jennifer Seidl and McMordie. Meanwhile for analyzing the meaning of the idioms, the writer uses the theory of idioms meaning from Aminuddin. The result shows that there are two forms of idioms that commonly found in Muntei Village, they are the full idioms (formed in sentence) and half idioms (formed in words or phrases). The result also shows that idioms have this syntactical function that make then can be placed as the subject, object, adjectives, and adverbs in the sentence. This research also shows that the meaning of the idioms that usually found in Muntei Village can only be understood by the people if they know who are the people involved in the conversation, what is the situation where the conversation occur, and what is the intention of using the idioms.

This journal discusses about the influence of the marketing statements found in women’s cosmetic products to their mindset in determining the definition of beauty. The writer takes the data from the marketing statements that happened in the commercial advertisements of four most used and commonly shown in audio visual media, such as television, which are Pond’s, Citra, Shinzui, and Garnier. The Technique of collecting the data of this thesis is the observation technique which then continued by writing down the conversatios that includes the marketing statements of the commercial advertisements into a form of a transcription. The writer uses the speech-act theory by John Langshaw Austin to analyze the influence of the marketing statements which presented through the conversations in the commercial advertisements, the theory of signs by Charles William Morris to analyze the signs that showed up in the commercial advertisements, and the theory of meaning by Charles Kay Ogden and Ivor Amstrong Richards to analyze the meaning of the symbols of signs that showed up in both the conversations and the narration. The result of this study shows that in every part of those products commercial advertisements, the marketing statements always try to influence the women to believe that indeed having white/bright/light skin means beautiful.

Phonology has many variants of study which could be uses as linguistic research, as well as regional language that exist in Indonesia. So it raises to interest of writer to research one of regional language around the neighborhood. It is Pulau Rengas dialect which used by Pulau Rengas people that stay at Pulau Rengas village at Bangko Barat subdistrict, Merangin regency in Jambi province.

This is a linguistic research, using descriptive methode and library research to discuss about data in a way to processing and develop it using theories, such as phonology, morphology, word formation and language change theory. The research is about change sound and phonemes that occur at Pulau Rengas dialect compare by Indonesian language. First step of writer to research Pulau Rengas dialect is collect raw data that get from informants, then grouping it. In this research, writer discuss about changes, deletion and addition phonemes in vocabularies at initial, medial and final position.

According this research, writer get formulas how the sound is changing which become something unique in Pulau Rengas dialect. The uniqueness is different way of pronounciation from the Indonesian language in the same meaning

The study in this  the drama of The Bear by Anton Chekov. This drama depicts a widow and debt collector. The problem in the drama of The Bear is on personality and character changes. This research uses observation method with note-taking technique and uses interpretation in analyzing data. For this reason, the theory of Sigmund Freud's (Id, Ego, Super-ego) is used. From the results of this study the authors found the characters of Popova and Smirrnov, in which Smirnov was actually a kind, young, beautiful, and Popova who was kind, romantic but rude. The cause of the change in Popov's character is based on his loneliness and Smirnov is based on economic needs. In Psychology Smirnov's personality who wants money (Id) and Popov want to force himself to duel with Smirnov (Ego) regardless of people in the surrounding environment, especially Luka as a helper of Popov (Super-Ego) in their quarrels and unwittingly emerge a feeling of love between Popova and Smirnov and finally they fall in love.

The process of self-actualization and self-esteem, especially self-confidence and self-image of the main character in the novel The Princess Diaries by Meg Cabot. This novel tells about Mia Thermopolis, the freshman student at Albert Einstein High School. Like many other teens, Mia has a problem in self-confidence because of her body posture that she thinks does not meet the standard in general. Mia is often labeled as a freak in her school. Her life problem is getting more complicated when she knows that she is a princess from a small country in Europe. Mia’s problem is a picture of teenage problems in general, the lack of self-confidence and the bad self-image. But Mia learns to solve all of her life problems in a mature way and wish that she can reach her self-actualization.

In this research, the writer uses descriptive research as the method of collecting the data. As for the method of analyzing the data, the writer uses structural method by understanding the novel, the character of Mia Thermopolis. Data collection technique uses qualitative technique with taking note cards in finding relevant data to the subject of analysis. In data analysis technique, the writer uses technique by interpreting data.

The results of this research are: 1) Mia’s self-actualization process at the end of the novel only reach the self-esteem phase. Mia is not yet fully reach her self-actualization, she often still being selfish and mostly still being emotional. 2) Mia’s self-confidence at the end of the novel is increase, Mia can accept her own self and flaws. 3) Mia’s self-image at the end of the novel changed. Mia learns that what is important is not the appearance but the personality inside an individual.

As closing, even though this novel looks light where the story is only about teenager’s life problem in general, but there are a lot of lessons that can be applied in the daily life. Maybe not every girl can be a princess in one night, but the lessons about how can we be confidence are a lot in this novel.

The problem in this journal is gerund, verbal ending -ing and serves as a noun. Gerund differs from grammar construction in English because it is able to convert a verb into a noun by adding -ing at the end of the verb. At the same time, there is also a continuous tense form that adds -ing at the end of the verb. For students who start learning English will be confused with the form -ing that can be a noun and also a verb in the same sentence.

The method used is the method of distribution, the method of data analysis into object analysis is part of the language itself. Objects in the distribution method are always part or element of the language being observed. In analyzing the data, the authors use qualitative methods. Qualitative research is a type of social science research that collects and works with non-numerical data and which seeks to interpret the meaning of the data being analyzed. In this study, researchers used descriptive design with the aim to analyze gerund as subject, direct object, complement of subject, and object of preposition at Tempo magazine in 2015.

The author finds gerund formulation as follows: Gerund as Subject (Main + Main Verb + Complement), gerund as Direct Object (Subject + Main Verb + Gerund), gerund as Subject Complement (Subject + to be + Gerund), and gerund as Object of Preposition (Subject + Primary Keyword + Preposition + Gerund). The study found that Tempo magazine used gerund in magazines with higher gerund percentages as the preposition object. There are 8 gerunds as the subject, 5 gerund as a direct object, 6 gerund as complementary subject, and 23 gerund as the preposition object.

The Other Boleyn Girl is a historical novel written by British author Philippa Gregory loosely based on the life of 16^th century aristocrat Mary Boleyn (the sister of Anne Boleyn) of whom little is known. Inspired by Mary’s life story, Gregory depicts the annulment of one of the most significant royal marriages in English history and conveys the urgency of the need for a male heir to the throne.

The writer took Anne Boleyn’s ambition to become a queen as a center of the thesis. Technique of collecting data of this analysis is by library research. It means that the writer applies the data which the writer takes from library and other written material from book store, internet or even motion picture.

In analyzing this data, the writer uses psychological theories by Sigmund Freud. Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic theory of personality argues that human behavior is the result of the interactions among three component parts of the mind: the id, ego, and superego. This theory, known as Freud’s structural theory of personality, places great emphasis on the role of unconscious psychological conflicts in shaping behavior and personality.

The result show that although it’s good to have ambition to drive someone to reach their goal to succeed but ambition without limit could destroy everything and everyone around you. And it even could destroy yourself too.